We'll review Time and Place prepositions and do some exercises
B. Modal Verbs
C. Pronunciation
A. How to Pronounce -ed in English
The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:
| base verb (v1) | past simple (v2) | past participle (v3) |
|---|---|---|
| work | worked | worked |
In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:
- I like painted furniture.
The question is: How do we pronounce the -ed?
| If the base verb ends in one of these sounds: | example base verb*: | example with -ed: | pronounce the -ed: | extra syllable? | |
| unvoiced | /t/ | want | wanted | / Id/ | yes |
| voiced | /d/ | end | ended | ||
| unvoiced | /p/ | hope | hoped | / t/ | no |
| /f/ | laugh | laughed | |||
| /s/ | fax | faxed | |||
| /S/ | wash | washed | |||
| /tS/ | watch | watched | |||
| /k/ | like | liked | |||
| voiced | all other sounds, for example... | play | played | / d/ | |
| allow | allowed | ||||
| beg | begged | ||||
* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.
- he aged quickly /d/
- he blessed me /t/
- they dogged him /d/
- he has learned well /d/ or /t/
The pronunciation depends on the sound at the end of the infinitve of the main verb and whether it is voiced or not.
| /Id /infinitives that end in the sounds /t/ or /d/ | / d / infinitives that end in a voiced sound | / t / infinitves that end in an unvoiced sound |
| needed hated dated seated | lived chilled enjoyed tried | shopped picked wished crunched |
Regular Past Tense Verb Pronunciation Practice
Read the following dialogue. Write the phonetic symbol representing the sound
of the ed-ending above each past tense verb. Check your answers. Be sure to carefully pronounce all past tense endings!
Kathy: Tom, have you started your diet? I hope you haven’t gained weight.
Tom: I boiled eggs and sliced celery for lunch.
Kathy: Have you exercised at all?
Tom: I walked 5 miles and jogged in the park.
Kathy: Have you cleaned the house? Calories can be worked off that way.
Tom: I washed and waxed the floors. I even painted the bathroom.
Kathy: Who baked this apple pie? Who cooked this ham?
Tom: When I finished cleaning, I was starved. I prepared this food for dinner.
Kathy: Oh, no! I’ll take this food home so you won’t be tempted . I really enjoyed being with you. You diet is great!
Tom: What happened? Somehow, I missed out on all the fun.
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